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5.3 Development processes
1.5 billion people live on less than US$1 a day. Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of poverty. Development issues are not just about problems in developing countries. Each country has different levels of development and standard of living. Deprivation and poverty is a global issue. The need for food, water and shelter is as much a problem for someone living in Glasgow as for those living in Dhaka. Whatever initiative is introduced to help the people, they must be sustainable.
Development processes Syllabus
CONCEPTS |
CONTENT |
| 5.3.1 The world is characterised by wide variations of development |
· Development can be understood on number of levels, including social, economic, cultural and political . · Investigative work to measure development using a range of indicators, including composite measures such as the Human Development Index. · Development can be defined in terms of its sustainability over time. · The complex relationship between natural resources and development. |
| 5.3.2
Within countries there are wide variations in economic growth and development |
· Regional variations in economic, social and political development. · Reasons for and the impact of regional development policies · Models of economic growth, e.g. Myrdal (cumulative causation) and growth-pole theory - their applications and limitations. · Advantages and challenges of core and peripheral regions, to include positive and development negative multiplier effects, and spread and backwash effects. |
| 5.3.3 Development is a process which changes over time |
· The economic, social, political and cultural factors affecting the rate and nature of development. · Positive and negative consequences of development, including neo-colonialism, dependency and the debt crisis. · The role of international links - aid, trade, and lending institutions - in the development process. |
South Africa documentary worksheet
Useful Websites
http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2002/tables/table4-1.pdf World indicators
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/economic/gnp/index.html Global difference in GNP per capita
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/environm/water/index.html Gobal assess to safe drinking water as a social indicator
http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/aag/mmr_aag.pdf Myanmar data
http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/aag/eth_aag.pdf Ethiopia data
http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Faag%2Fgbr_aag.pdf Uk data
http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Faag%2Fusa_aag.pdf USA data
http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Faag%2Fbra_aag.pdf Brazil data
http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Faag%2Fchn_aag.pdf China data
http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Faag%2Fcub_aag.pdf Cuba data
http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Faag%2Fita_aag.pdf Italy data
http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/aag/zaf_aag.pdf South Africa at a glance
http://www.afdb.org/knowledge/statistics/statistics_indicators_selected/country_tables/pdf/saf.pdf
Statistics on South Africa
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/safrica.html South Africa analysis
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/sadc.html South Africa development community
http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC8978.htm Rural development strategies
http://www.southafrica-newyork.net/consulate/economy/economy.htm#the%20economy South Africa economy
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/mapglry.html Maps showing global distribution of life expectancy, access to save water, population growth etc.
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sustainabledevelopment/aboutus.html Sustainable developmentThe World Bank WBG
Millennium Development GoalsWorld Development Report 2003. Summary
International Monetary Fund IMF
http://www.unfpa.org/ United Nation Population Fund
http://www.populationconcern.org.uk/ Population Concern
http://www.bized.ac.uk/virtual/dc/works/cop.htm Development case study:Zambia
http://www.who.int/en World Health Organisation
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/ Department for International Developmenthttp://www.un.org/aboutun/chart.html United Nations
http://www.unicef.org/noteworthy/safricacrisis/ United Nations International Children's Fund
http://www.wfp.org/index.asp?section=3 World Food Programme
http://www.wateraid.org.uk/ Wateraid
http://www.oxfamamerica.org/campaigncoffee/art3391.html What is fair trade
http://maketradefair.com/en/index.htm make trade fair
Reading List
David Waugh, Geography: An Integrated Approach 3rd edition (Nelson 2000) Chapter 21-22
G. Nagle & K. Spencer, Sustainable Development (Hodder & Stoughton 1999)
Jane Chrispin & Francis Jegede, Population, Resources & Development 2nd edition (Collins 2000) Chapter 7-11.
P.Guinness & G. Nagle, AS Geography concepts & cases (Hodder & Stoughton) p187-199.
Michael Carr, New Patterns: Process & change in Human Geography (Nelson 1997) Chapter 6-10.
Garrett Nagle & Kris Spencer, Advanced Geography Concepts & Cases (Hodder & Stoughton 1999) Chapter 5.
Garrett Nagle & Kris Spencer, Advanced Geography revision Handbook (Oxford University Press).
Stephen Codrington, Planet Geography ( Solid Star Press 2002) Chapter 5.
UNDP " Millennium Development Goals and Targets ( UNDP 2000)
David Young" Third World Debt" GeoActive 195, serie 10, 1999.
Alison Rudd "Rag-picking and recycling in Bangalore" GeoActive 198, serie 10, 1999.
Michael Ashby, "Debt , the Philippines and the World Bank" Geography Review, March 1999.
D.Bowden & M. Childler "Quarrying in the Gambia-appropriate technology in action" Geography Review , May 1999.
T. Binns & D.Bek "Making development work in South Africa" Geography Review , September 2001.
Dave Burtenshaw "Development in Malaysia and Singapore" Geography Review , January 2002.
Mark Bromley "Economic development in Brazil " Geography Review , May 2002.
Lynne Jones"HIV and human development in Southern Africa" Geography Review, January 2003.
Noel Castree "Green Development " Geography Review, January 2003.
Jonathan Butler "The second Earth Summit" Geography Review, May 2003.
Rachel Peryer "Who produces the food you eat?" Geography Review, May 2003.
Peter Allen " International free trade" Economic Review, November 2001.
Peter Smith " Debt relief " Economic Review , April 2001.
January 2004
